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The designation Four Crowned Martyrs or Four Holy Crowned Ones (Latin, ''Sancti Quatuor Coronati'') actually refers to nine individuals venerated as martyrs in the Catholic Church. The nine saints are divided into two groups: #Severus (or Secundius), Severian(us), Carpophorus (Carpoforus), Victorinus (Victorius, Vittorinus) #Claudius, Castorius, Symphorian (Simpronian), Nicostratus, and Simplicius According to the ''Golden Legend'', the names of the members of the first group were not known at the time of their death “but were learned through the Lord’s revelation after many years had passed."〔William Granger Ryan Jacobus, ''The Golden Legend: Readings on the Saints'' (Princeton University Press, 1993), 291-2.〕 They were called the "Four Crowned Martyrs" because their names were unknown ("crown" referring to the crown of martyrdom). ==First Group== Severus (or Secundius), Severian(us), Carpophorus, Victorinus were martyred at Rome or Castra Albana, according to Christian tradition.〔(Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome )〕 According to the ''Passion of St. Sebastian'', the four saints were soldiers (specifically ''cornicularii'', or clerks in charge of all the regiment's records and paperwork) who refused to sacrifice to Aesculapius, and therefore were killed by order of Emperor Diocletian (284-305), two years after the death of the five sculptors. The bodies of the martyrs were buried in the cemetery of Santi Marcellino e Pietro, on the fourth mile of via Labicana, by Pope Miltiades and St Sebastian (whose skull is preserved in the church). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Four Crowned Martyrs」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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